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September 2000

National Center for Policy Analysis
NCPA is nonprofit public policy research institute that publishes online analysis, debate, and research from around the world. Presented here is a report on crime and punishment in the United States.

National Crime and Punishment Learning Center
NCPLC is a non-profit corporation established to provide free information on the most common crimes and their punishments in each state. The center provides this information free to the general public in each state annually through charts, which list over 150 misdemeanor and felony crimes and their maximum punishments, fines, and potential jail or prison time. You can view crime and punishment charts for several states.

Cesare Beccaria
Provides a historical background on this Italian philosopher and explains his theories about punishment.

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
Read Bentham's biography and learn about his views on crime and punishment from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Torture Instruments
Torture and death penalty instruments from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Era.