Chapter 26:
Chemistry in the Environment
Practice Test
1.
What is the measure of salt concentration in seawater called?
a.
salinity
b.
molarity
c.
density
d.
aquation
Hint
2.
What term is used to describe all the water on Earth’s surface?
a.
aquifer
b.
hydrosphere
c.
oceans
d.
troposphere
Hint
3.
What term is used to describe a metal-containing mineral that can be processed for a reasonable profit?
a.
gangue
b.
slag
c.
crust
d.
ore
Hint
4.
Which part of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
a.
stratosphere
b.
troposphere
c.
mesosphere
d.
thermosphere
Hint
5.
What chemical is used to kill any microorganisms that may have remained in the water after the initial cleanup?
a.
chlorine
b.
silicon dioxide
c.
lime
d.
alum
Hint
6.
What percentage of the hydrosphere is actually liquid freshwater?
a.
97%
b.
72%
c.
0.6%
d.
2.1%
Hint
7.
What is the name given to a solid inorganic, compound found in nature?
a.
precipitation
b.
mineral
c.
vitamin
d.
solution
Hint
8.
What chemicals are used by plants to make carbohydrates during photosynthesis?
a.
carbon dioxide and water
b.
carbon dioxide and nitrogen
c.
carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate
d.
water and calcium carbonate
Hint
9.
Which gas is present in the highest concentration in the atmosphere?
a.
carbon dioxide
b.
nitrogen
c.
argon
d.
oxygen
Hint
10.
Seawater is desalinated commercially in some areas of the world by _____________.
a.
precipitation
b.
adsorption
c.
reverse osmosis
d.
distillation
Hint
11.
Acid rain chemically reacts with calcium carbonate, the major component of limestone and marble, which are used to make buildings and statues. What are the chemical products formed when calcium carbonate reacts with nitric acid?
a.
calcium carbonate and nitric acid
b.
nitrous oxide and calcium hydroxide
c.
carbon dioxide, water, and calcium nitrate
d.
carbonic acid and calcium hydroxide
Hint
12.
Which of following is the blanket of pollution that is formed when sunlight reacts with chemicals in the air?
a.
rain
b.
ozone
c.
chlorofluorocarbons
d.
smog
Hint
13.
Photodissociation in the upper atmosphere prevents some harmful radiation from reaching Earth’s surface. What type of radiation is absorbed during photodissociation?
a.
visible radiation
b.
high-energy ultraviolet radiation
c.
radio waves
d.
infrared radiation
Hint
14.
What is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust?
a.
oxygen
b.
carbon
c.
sodium
d.
nitrogen
Hint
15.
Nitrogen is oxidized in the atmosphere and in the soil by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. What is the most oxidized form of nitrogen?
a.
ammonia
b.
nitrogen monoxide
c.
nitrogen dioxide
d.
nitrate
Hint
16.
What atoms make up ozone?
a.
two oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom
b.
two oxygen atoms
c.
two nitrogen atoms
d.
three oxygen atoms
Hint
17.
What is the natural warming of Earth’s surface that occurs when certain gases in the atmosphere absorb heat?
a.
carbon cycle
b.
greenhouse effect
c.
photosynthesis
d.
vulcanism
Hint
18.
What is the solid part of Earth’s crust called?
a.
troposphere
b.
lithosphere
c.
hydrosphere
d.
atmosphere
Hint
19.
Although nitrogen gas cannot be used by plants, it can be converted into forms that plants can use. What process converts nitrogen gas into this more useful form?
a.
nitrogen fixation
b.
global warming
c.
photosynthesis
d.
precipitation
Hint
20.
Which part of the atmosphere is closest to Earth’s surface?
a.
thermosphere
b.
troposphere
c.
stratosphere
d.
mesosphere
Hint
