Chapter 24:
The Chemistry of Life
Practice Test
1.
Proteins can form two three-dimensional structures. Changes in temperature, pH, and other factors will disrupt these structures. By what name do we know this disruption?
a.
polypeptide
b.
denaturation
c.
helix
d.
sheet
Hint
2.
To function properly, the reactive site of an enzyme must have the same shape as the substrate to which it binds. This fit is commonly known as _____________.
a.
projection and enclosure
b.
tongue and groove
c.
heme and globin
d.
lock and key
Hint
3.
What functional groups characterize carbohydrates?
a.
multiple hydroxyl and one carbonyl
b.
multiple carbonyl and multiple hydroxyl
c.
multiple carboxyl and one hydroxyl
d.
multiple carbonyl and one hydroxyl
Hint
4.
What is the process in which triglycerides react with a strong, inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide to produce carboxylate salts and glycerol?
a.
saponification
b.
peptide linkage
c.
polymerization
d.
lipogenesis
Hint
5.
What is the name of the carbohydrate that is composed of two monosaccharide units?
a.
oligosaccharide
b.
polysaccharide
c.
disaccharide
d.
monosaccharide
Hint
6.
DNA is a molecule made of two long chains of nucleotides that are arranged in a distinctive, three-dimensional physical structure. What is this three-dimensional structure?
a.
a single helix
b.
a double helix
c.
a spherical macromolecule
d.
a pleated sheet
Hint
7.
Large biological molecules that are nonpolar belong to a class of molecules called _________.
a.
proteins
b.
enzymes
c.
carbohydrates
d.
lipids
Hint
8.
What is the name given to a series of amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds?
a.
a clone
b.
protein
c.
carbohydrate
d.
lipid
Hint
9.
What sugar is used to make DNA?
a.
ribose
b.
deoxyribose
c.
ribulose
d.
dextrose
Hint
10.
What is the name of the polysaccharide that cannot be digested by humans and provides dietary fiber?
a.
starch
b.
glycogen
c.
cellulose
d.
amylose
Hint
11.
What type of chemical functional group is made when a peptide bond is formed?
a.
amine
b.
ester
c.
carbonyl
d.
amide
Hint
12.
What are the four primary functions and uses of proteins in living cells?
a.
catalysis, structure, transport, carrying signals
b.
denaturation, structure, transport, carrying signals
c.
recycling, digestion, polymerization, transport
d.
energy storage, digestion, denaturation, transport
Hint
13.
What six-carbon sugar is found in the blood and provides immediate energy for the body?
a.
fructose
b.
galactose
c.
sucrose
d.
glucose
Hint
14.
Steroids are a type of lipid. What is the structure of a steroid?
a.
The structure is composed entirely of water—soluble molecules.
b.
The structure uses peptide bonds.
c.
The structure has many fatty acids.
d.
The basic structure is composed of four rings.
Hint
15.
Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. There are three components to a nucleotide. Which of the following correctly identifies those three parts?
a.
hydroxyl base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
b.
nitrogen base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
c.
nitrogen base, a protein, and a five-carbon sugar
d.
nitrogen base, phosphate, and a six-carbon sugarstart
Hint
16.
________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
a.
Polymers
b.
Carbohydrates
c.
Fatty acids
d.
Polysaccharides
Hint
17.
The primary function of these two polysaccharides is to store energy.
a.
starch and glycogen
b.
fructose and sucrose
c.
glucose and cellulose
d.
glucose and starch
Hint
18.
The myriad set of chemical reactions that take place in the body so that cells can function is __________________.
a.
cannibalism
b.
metabolism
c.
anabolism
d.
catabolism
Hint
19.
A polypeptide of 50 or more amino acids is called a protein. What kind of molecule is the polypeptide?
a.
monomer
b.
polymer
c.
isomer
d.
stereomer
Hint
20.
How many different amino acids are commonly found in living things?
a.
30
b.
20
c.
10
d.
15
Hint
