Chapter 2:
Forces in Earth
Practice Test
1.
Which volcano has the steepest sides and is composed of solid particles?
a.
shield volcano
b.
cinder cone
c.
rock fall
d.
composite cone
Hint
2.
When magma reaches Earth's surface, it flows out onto the surface through openings as lava. What are these openings?
a.
vents
b.
quakes
c.
melts
d.
magma oozes
Hint
3.
Which type of force produces strike-slip faults?
a.
tension
b.
shearing
c.
frictionless
d.
compression
Hint
4.
What is needed to determine an earthquake epicenter?
a.
calculated distances from the epicenter to at least three seismograph stations
b.
calculated distances from the epicenter to at least three locations on a fault
c.
the distance from the focus to the fault
d.
the distance form the focus to the epicenter
Hint
5.
Why does magma rise toward Earth's surface?
a.
It is forced upward by gravity.
b.
It is more dense than surrounding rock.
c.
It is less dense than surrounding rock.
d.
It is equal in density to surrounding rock.
Hint
6.
Composite cones form from eruptions of which materials?
a.
ashes
b.
lava flows
c.
solid fragments
d.
alternating lava and solid fragments
Hint
7.
Which of the following is considered to be a long-range positive effect of volcanic eruptions?
a.
the release of large amounts of energy
b.
the increase in soil fertility
c.
the global temperature decrease
d.
the release of carbon monoxide gas
Hint
8.
The rise in strain energy and eventual release of energy during an earthquake has been compared to bending and eventually breaking a stick. What limit is passed when the stick breaks?
a.
air pressure limit
b.
wave rebound limit
c.
elastic limit
d.
seismic limit
Hint
9.
What forms when rocks fracture and movement occurs along the fracture surface?
a.
rock layer
b.
fault
c.
fold
d.
stretch
Hint
10.
Which seismic wave causes the most damage to human-built structures?
a.
focus
b.
primary
c.
secondary
d.
surface
Hint
11.
Which type of force can cause faults to form?
a.
compression
b.
tension
c.
secondary
d.
all of the above
Hint
12.
What is the point at which seismic waves originate during an earthquake?
a.
fault
b.
primary
c.
epicenter
d.
focus
Hint
13.
When rocks break, they release energy in the form of powerful vibrations. What do humans experience these vibrations as?
a.
earthquakes
b.
folded rock layers
c.
horizontal lava layers
d.
elastic limits
Hint
14.
Magma that produces volcanic eruptions is concentrated in which chemical compound?
a.
lava
b.
silica
c.
dust
d.
ash
Hint
15.
Choose the fastest seismic wave from the list below.
a.
surface
b.
focus
c.
primary
d.
secondary
Hint
