Section 2.1
Atoms and Their Structure
Practice Test
1.
_________ is credited with formulating the modern atomic theory of matter, which has remained essentially intact up to the present time.
a.
Archimedes
b.
Dalton
c.
Lavoisier
d.
Proust
Hint
2.
Greek philosophers thought these four elements formed all matter.
a.
carbon, phosphorus, calcium, oxygen
b.
earth, air, fire, water
c.
earth, sea, air, plasma
d.
hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen
Hint
3.
When 0.243 g of magnesium reacts with 0.160 g of oxygen, how many grams of magnesium oxide is produced?
a.
0.403 g
b.
0.243 g
c.
0.486 g
d.
less than 0.403 g
Hint
4.
In natural waste-disposal processes, atoms are ___________.
a.
created
b.
destroyed
c.
made into aluminum
d.
recycled
Hint
5.
An explanation based on many observations and supported by the results of many experiments is called a _____________.
a.
theory
b.
scientific law
c.
hypothesis
d.
fact
Hint
6.
Thomson showed that the atom was not a solid ball when he discovered the ___________.
a.
alpha particle
b.
electron
c.
neutron
d.
proton
Hint
7.
These two particles are found in atomic nuclei.
a.
protons and neutrons
b.
protons and electrons
c.
neutrons and electrons
d.
protons and gamma rays
Hint
8.
The number of protons in the nucleus of the atoms of an element determines the element's _____________.
a.
atomic number
b.
atomic mass
c.
mass number
d.
gender
Hint
9.
Ne-21 is an _____________ of neon.
a.
allotrope
b.
atomic number
c.
atomic mass
d.
isotope
Hint
10.
Rutherford's gold-foil experiment showed that the atomic nucleus is ________________.
a.
small, dense, and positive
b.
large
c.
small and negative
d.
large, light, and positive
Hint
11.
Most alpha particles in Rutherford's gold-foil experiment ________________________.
a.
passed straight through the foil
b.
bounced back
c.
were deflected at small angles
d.
were deflected at large angles
Hint
12.
This subatomic particle has a mass of 1.01 u and a charge of zero.
a.
electron
b.
neutron
c.
positron
d.
proton
Hint
13.
This atom is the standard for atomic masses.
a.
carbon-12
b.
aluminum-27
c.
oxygen-16
d.
uranium-238
Hint
14.
A hypothesis is more likely to become a __________ because __________.
a.
scientific law; fewer trials are needed during the experimental phase
b.
scientific law; theories are conclusions reached by many scientists about relationships in nature
c.
theory, fewer experiments are needed in order to support it
d.
theory, scientific laws are conclusions reached by many scientists about relationships in nature
Hint
15.
What can you conclude from the deflection of a cathode ray in a magnetic field?
a.
The ray must be composed of charged particles.
b.
The ray must be composed of iron.
c.
The ray must have a positive charge.
d.
The ray must need to travel in a vacuum.
Hint
16.
Which of the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiments was not consistent with the plum pudding atomic model?
a.
Most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil.
b.
Some alpha particles were deflected straight back toward the particle source.
c.
The paths of alpha particles were only slightly altered by collisions with electrons.
d.
The zinc sulfide coated screen produced a flash of light whenever it was struck by an alpha particle.
Hint
17.
What properties did Rutherford use in the design of the gold foil experiment?
a.
alpha particle's negative charge and random distribution of protons
b.
alpha particle's negative charge and gold foil's positive charge
c.
alpha particle's positive charge and electron's negative charge
d.
positively charged electrons distributed in a uniform negative charge
Hint
18.
The two routes for nitrogen fixation in nature are __________.
a.
bacteria and the water cycle
b.
bacteria and lightning
c.
lightning and ultraviolet radiation
d.
lightning and ozone formation
Hint
