Section 19.1
Molecules of Life
Practice Test
1.
Scurvy is a rare disease in developed countries today because fresh fruits and vegetables provide this essential nutrient.
a.
iodine
b.
iron
c.
vitamin C
d.
vitamin E
Hint
2.
What functional groups are found in the vitamin C molecule?
a.
amide, alkene, ether
b.
amine, ester, alcohol
c.
hydroxyl, alkyne, carbonyl
d.
hydroxyl, ester, alkene
Hint
3.
The chemistry of living things is called _______________.
a.
analytical chemistry
b.
biochemistry
c.
inorganic chemistry
d.
organic chemistry
Hint
4.
____________ was the first biomolecule synthesized outside of a living cell.
a.
benzene
b.
ethanol
c.
formaldehyde
d.
urea
Hint
5.
More than 95% of the atoms in your body are these four elements.
a.
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
b.
iron, phosphorus, carbon, and hydrogen
c.
oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, and carbon
d.
hydrogen, iron, silicon, and oxygen
Hint
6.
_____________ function as biological catalysts, make up your muscles and tendons, and help transport substances in your blood.
a.
Carbohydrates
b.
Esters
c.
Proteins
d.
Sugars
Hint
7.
Proteins are polymers made up of these monomers.
a.
amino acids
b.
alkenes
c.
hexoses
d.
vitamins
Hint
8.
In proteins, these structures are held together by hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide cross-links.
a.
amino acids
b.
carbon atoms
c.
monomers
d.
polypeptides
Hint
9.
Enzymes provide active sites where _____________ can bind.
a.
alkynes
b.
lactases
c.
minerals
d.
substrates
Hint
10.
Carbohydrates are made up of these three elements.
a.
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
b.
carbon, calcium, and hydrogen
c.
carbon, phosphorus, and hydrogen
d.
carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
Hint
11.
Animals store energy in their livers and muscles as _____________.
a.
glycogen
b.
starch
c.
glucose
d.
sucrose
Hint
12.
Glucose, fructose, and ribose are _____________.
a.
disaccharides
b.
monosaccharides
c.
polymers
d.
proteins
Hint
13.
These are biological compounds that contain a large proportion of C-H bonds and less oxygen than carbohydrates.
a.
bones
b.
lipids
c.
sugars
d.
substrates
Hint
14.
Fatty acids bond to glycerol molecules to form _______________.
a.
trigylcerides
b.
polypeptides
c.
polysaccharides
d.
proteins
Hint
15.
These lipids include cholesterol, some sex hormones, and vitamin D.
a.
oleic acids
b.
stearic acids
c.
steroids
d.
sucrose polymers
Hint
16.
Lipids serve to store energy and ________________ in the body.
a.
digest carbohydrates
b.
form membranes
c.
form bones
d.
provide calcium
Hint
17.
DNA and RNA are the two kinds of ________________ found in cells.
a.
carbohydrates
b.
lipids
c.
nucleic acids
d.
steroids
Hint
18.
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil are five different _________________ found in nucleotides.
a.
nitrogen-containing bases
b.
phosphate groups
c.
sugars
d.
nucleic acids
Hint
19.
The specific sequence of bases in an organism's DNA forms its ______________.
a.
genetic code
b.
RNA
c.
nucleus
d.
thymine
Hint
20.
____________ are organic molecules that are required in small amounts in the diet.
a.
Carbohydrates
b.
Lipids
c.
Proteins
d.
Vitamins
Hint
21.
An __________ atom is at the center of the hemoglobin molecule.
a.
carbon
b.
copper
c.
iron
d.
nitrogen
Hint
22.
A chain of 15 amino acids joined by peptide bonds is called a(n) __________.
a.
enzyme
b.
peptide
c.
polypeptide
d.
protein
Hint
23.
By what type of reaction are monosaccharides linked together to form disaccharides?
a.
addition
b.
combustion
c.
condensation
d.
dehydration
Hint
24.
What functional group do fatty acids and amino acids have in common?
a.
amide
b.
amino
c.
carbonyl
d.
carboxyl
Hint
25.
If a molecule contains a 5-carbon sugar, the nitrogen base uracil, and can be used in protein synthesis, then the molecule is __________.
a.
DNA
b.
RNA
c.
thymine
d.
cytosine
Hint
