Weathering, Erosion, and Soil
Practice Test
1.
What is the reaction of water with other substances called?
a.
oxidation
b.
hydrolysis
c.
physical weathering
d.
erosion
2.
Predict what will happen to the zinc shown in the higher concentration of acid, as shown in the figure.
a.
it will dissolve faster
b.
it will not affect the rate at which it dissolves
c.
it will dissolve slower
d.
it will form a covalent bond with the acid
3.
According to the figure, what type of rocks can include quartz?
a.
granite
b.
basalt
c.
gabbro
d.
peridotite
4.
What makes a mineral a gem?
a.
its rarity and beauty
b.
its pearly luster
c.
its deep color
d.
its association with native elements
5.
Electrons tend to occupy the __________ energy level.
a.
lowest available
b.
second
c.
intermediate
d.
highest available
6.
Using the figure, what is the temperature range to produce low-grade regional metamorphic rock?
a.
0-375 degrees C
b.
0-200 degrees C
c.
more than 750 degrees C
d.
200-600 degrees C
7.
What is the source of heat inside Earth that melts rocks into magma?
a.
geothermal energy
b.
other molten rocks
c.
Earth's core is hotter for no reason.
d.
the decay of radioactive elements
8.
What two substances combine to form carbonic acid?
a.
carbon dioxide and nitrogen
b.
carbon dioxide and water
c.
oxygen and carbon dioxide
d.
methane and water
9.
What processes aid in the formation of sediments?
a.
erosion only
b.
deposition and solidification
c.
weathering and erosion
d.
weathering and metamorphism
10.
Metamorphic rocks with aligned minerals have a __________ texture.
a.
foliated
b.
distinct
c.
nonfoliated
d.
compact
11.
What do the nuclei of some isotopes release during radioactive decay?
a.
their nuclei
b.
lead
c.
valence electrons
d.
radiation
12.
Symmetrical ripples are the result of sediments being moved __________.
a.
in a forward direction up an incline
b.
in a forward direction
c.
in a circular direction
d.
in a back-and-forth motion
13.
Which rock shown in the figure cooled the fastest?
a.
porphorytic
b.
fine-grained
c.
glassy
d.
coarse-grained
14.
What is the attractive force between two particles of opposite charge called?
a.
a compound force
b.
a covalent bond
c.
an ionic bond
d.
an isotope
15.
What is formed by the deposition of large amounts of sediment into a body of water by a river?
a.
a rill
b.
an alluvial fan
c.
a delta
d.
a gully
16.
__________ is the loose covering of broken rock particles and decaying organic matter that covers bedrock.
a.
soil
b.
a sedimentary rock
c.
regolith
d.
sediment
17.
The removal and transport of weathered materials is known as __________.
a.
hydrolysis
b.
oxidation
c.
frost wedging
d.
erosion
18.
Soil that has been moved to a location away from its parent rock is called __________.
a.
residual soil
b.
transported soil
c.
organic-rich soil
d.
soil profile
19.
Extrusive rocks have fine-grained textures because __________.
a.
they cooled quickly
b.
they cooled inside Earth's crust
c.
they cooled slow
d.
they are derived from volcanoes
20.
What is the correct atomic composition of quartz?
a.
two silica atoms and one iron atom
b.
four atoms of silica and oxygen each
c.
two oxygen atoms and one silica atom
d.
two silica atoms
21.
According to the table, what is a characteristic of metallic minerals?
Table 2
Minerals with Metallic Luster
Mineral
(Formula)
Color
Streak
Hardness
Specific Gravity
Crystal System
Breakage pattern
Uses and Other Properties
Bornite
(Cu
5
FeS
2)
bronze, tarnishes to dark blue purple
gray-black
3
4.9-5.4
tetragonal
uneven fracture
source of copper
called "peacock ore" Because of the purple shine when it tarnishes
Chalcopyrite
(CuFeS
2
)
brassy to golden yellow
greenish black
3.5-4
4.2
tetragonal
uneven fracture
main ore of copper
Chromite
(FeCr
2
O
4
)
black or Brown
brown to Black
5.5
4.6
cubic
irregular fracture
ore of chromium, stainless steel, metallurgical bricks
Copper
(Cu)
copper red
copper red
3
8.5 -9
cubic
hackly
coins, pipes, gutters, wire, cooking utensils, jewelry, decorative plaques; malleable and ductile
Galena (PbS)
gray
gray to black
2.5
7.5
cubic
cubic cleavage perfect
source of lead, used in pipes, shields for X-rays, fishing equipment sinkers
Gold
(Au)
pale to golden yellow
yellow
2.5-3
19.3
cubic
hackly
jewelry, money, gold leaf, filling for teeth, medicines, does not tarnish
Graphite
(C)
black to gray
black to gray
1-2
2.3
hexagonal
basal cleavage (scales)
pencil lead, lubricants for locks, rods to control some small nuclear reactions, battery poles
Hematite
(Specular)
(fe
2
O
3
)
Black or reddish brown
red or reddish brown
6
5.3
hexagonal
irregular fracture
source of iron; roasted ina blast furnace, converted into pig iron, made into steel
Magnetite
(fe
3
O
4
)
black
black
6
5.2
cubic
conchodial fracture
source of iron, naturally magnetic, called lodestone
Pyrite
(FeS
2
)
light, brassy yellow
greenish black
6.5
5.0
cubic
uneven fracture
source of iron, [CDATA["]]fool's gold,[CDATA["]] alters to limonite
Pyrrhotite
(Fe
1-x
S
)*
*contains one less atom of Fe than S
bronze
gray-black
4
4.6
hexagonal
uneven fracture
an ore of iron and sulfur; may be magnetic
Silver(Ag)
silvery white, tarnishes to black
light gray to silver
2.5
10-12
cubic
hackly
coins, filling for teeth, jewelry, silver plate, wires; malleable and ductile
a.
colorless streak
b.
no crystalline structure
c.
low hardness value
d.
gray, green, brown, or red streak
22.
A mineral is __________ if it can be mined for profit.
a.
a rock
b.
an ore
c.
an igneous rock
d.
a crystal
