Ionic Compounds

Practice Test
      
  1.

Which of these is the electron configuration of an atom most likely to gain an electron?
 
  a.   1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5  
  b.   1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1  
  c.   1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1  
  d.   1s2 2s2 2p6  
      
  2.Which elements can either gain or lose electrons to form stable octets?  
  a.   transition metals  
  b.   metalloids  
  c.   metals  
  d.   nonmetals  
      
  3.If tungsten were not available for use in a lightbulb filament, which of the elements in the table would be the best choice for a substitute?

Melting Points and Boiling Points of Some Metals
Element
Melting point (°C)
Boiling point (°C)
Lithium
180
1347
Tin
232
2623
Aluminum
660
2467
Barium
727
1850
Silver
961
2155
Copper
1083
2570


 
  a.   lithium  
  b.   aluminum  
  c.   copper  
  d.   barium  
      
  4.Sulfate (SO42-) is a ____________.  
  a.   monatomic cation  
  b.   polyatomic cation  
  c.   polyatomic anion  
  d.   monatomic anion  
      
  5.Which of the following lattice energies represents the strongest force of attraction holding the ions in place?

Lattice Energies of Some Ionic Compounds
Compound
Lattice energy
Compound
Lattice energy
KI –632 KF –808
KBr –671 AgCl –910
RbF –774 NaF –910
NaI –682 LiF –1030
NaBr –732 SrCl2 –2142
NaCl –769 MgO –3795


 
  a.   -910  
  b.   -769  
  c.   -2142  
  d.   -632  
      
  6.Why is the calcium ion (Ca2+) more stable than the calcium atom (Ca)?  
  a.   Twenty electrons are more stable than eighteen electrons.  
  b.   Eighteen electrons are less stable than twenty electrons.  
  c.   The noble gas configuration is more stable.  
  d.   The two electrons more than the noble gas configuration is more stable.  
      
  7.What is a negatively charged ion called?  
  a.   anion  
  b.   nucleus  
  c.   cation  
  d.   molecule  
      
  8.A positive ion forms when ___________.  
  a.   an atom gains one or more valence electrons  
  b.   an atom loses one or more valence electrons  
  c.   electrons are pushed out of the nucleus  
  d.   electrons are pulled into the nucleus  
      
  9.What is the charge on a monatomic ion?  
  a.   reduction number  
  b.   mass number  
  c.   oxidation number  
  d.   Avogadro’s number  
      
  10.Which one of the following classifications of ions in the table contains an error?

Hydroxide OH- monatomic anion
carbonate CO32- polyatomic anion
ammonium NH4+ polyatomic cation
magnesium Mg2+ monatomic cation


 
  a.   carbonate  
  b.   magnesium  
  c.   ammonium  
  d.   hydroxide  
      
  11.Which ion has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p6?  
  a.   F-  
  b.   H+  
  c.   Cl-  
  d.   Br-  
      
  12.What is the name given to the energy required to separate one mole of the ions of an ionic compound?  
  a.   heat energy  
  b.   lattice energy  
  c.   potential energy  
  d.   kinetic energy  
      
  13.Whichof the following is a mixture of elements that has metallic properties?  
  a.   an alloy  
  b.   a suspension  
  c.   a pure metal  
  d.   a gas  
      
  14.What is the name given to the simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound?  
  a.   mole  
  b.   empirical formula  
  c.   formula unit  
  d.   monatomic ion  
      
  15.How are ionic bonds formed?  
  a.   sharing of electrons between atoms  
  b.   gain of electrons by atoms  
  c.   loss of electrons by atoms  
  d.   electrostatic forces between ions  
      
  16.Why are metals described as having a "sea of electrons"?  
  a.   The electrons are wet.  
  b.   The electrons move in waves.  
  c.   The electrons are free to move between the atoms in a metal.  
  d.   The electrons are fixed to a particular metal atom.  
      
  17.An ionic compound that will conduct an electric current when it forms an aqueous solution is a(n) _________.  
  a.   molecular compound  
  b.   electrolyte  
  c.   nonelectrolyte  
  d.   crystal lattice  
      
  18.What is the formula for ammonium bromide?  
  a.   (NH4)2Br  
  b.   NH4Br  
  c.   NH4Br2  
  d.   NH3Br  
      
  19.Which of the following is a correct description of a metallic property?  
  a.   Metals have a dull appearance.  
  b.   Metals gain electrons to form anions.  
  c.   Metals are brittle.  
  d.   Metals are malleable.  

 
   
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