The Chemistry of Life
Practice Test
1.
Steroids are a type of lipid. What is the structure of a steroid?
a.
The structure is composed entirely of water—soluble molecules.
b.
The structure uses peptide bonds.
c.
The basic structure is composed of four rings.
d.
The structure has many fatty acids.
2.
The myriad set of chemical reactions that take place in the body so that cells can function is __________________.
a.
metabolism
b.
anabolism
c.
cannibalism
d.
catabolism
3.
________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
a.
Carbohydrates
b.
Fatty acids
c.
Polymers
d.
Polysaccharides
4.
. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. There are three components to a nucleotide. Which of the following correctly identifies those three parts?
a.
nitrogen base, phosphate, and a six-carbon sugar
b.
nitrogen base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
c.
nitrogen base, a protein, and a five-carbon sugar
d.
hydroxyl base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
5.
What is the principle function of DNA?
a.
stores genetic information
b.
stores energy for later use
c.
causes molecules to transfer from one place in the body to another
d.
sends messages to different parts of the body
6.
By what type of reaction are monosaccharides linked together to form disaccharides?
a.
dehydration
b.
addition
c.
condensation
d.
combustion
7.
What is the process in which triglycerides react with a strong, inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide to produce carboxylate salts and glycerol?
a.
saponification
b.
peptide linkage
c.
polymerization
d.
lipogenesis
8.
What is the name of the carbohydrate that is composed of two monosaccharide units?
a.
polysaccharide
b.
monosaccharide
c.
oligosaccharide
d.
disaccharide
9.
What is the name given to a series of amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds?
a.
protein
b.
ester
c.
lipid
d.
carbohydrate
10.
What are the four primary functions and uses of proteins in living cells?
a.
energy storage, digestion, denaturation, transport
b.
denaturation, structure, transport, carrying signals
c.
catalysis, structure, transport, carrying signals
d.
recycling, digestion, polymerization, transport
11.
Proteins can form two three-dimensional structures. Changes in temperature, pH, and other factors will disrupt these structures. By what name do we know this disruption?
a.
polypeptide
b.
sheet
c.
helix
d.
denaturation
12.
What six-carbon sugar is found in the blood and provides immediate energy for the body?
a.
galactose
b.
fructose
c.
glucose
d.
sucrose
13.
What functional group do fatty acids and amino acids have in common?
a.
carbonyl
b.
carboxyl
c.
amino
d.
amide
14.
A polypeptide of 50 or more amino acids is called a protein. What kind of molecule is the polypeptide?
a.
stereomer
b.
monomer
c.
isomer
d.
polymer
15.
If a molecule contains a 5-carbon sugar, the nitrogen base uracil, and can be used in protein synthesis, then the molecule is __________.
a.
DNA
b.
RNA
c.
cytosine
d.
thymine
16.
What sugar is used to make DNA?
a.
dextrose
b.
deoxyribose
c.
ribulose
d.
ribose
17.
The primary function of these two polysaccharides is to store energy.
a.
glucose and cellulose
b.
fructose and sucrose
c.
starch and glycogen
d.
glucose and starch
18.
What two functional groups are contained in all amino acids?
a.
carboxyl and amino
b.
amido and ether
c.
carbonyl and halogen
d.
amino and amido
19.
What functional groups characterize carbohydrates?
a.
multiple carboxyl and one hydroxyl
b.
multiple carbonyl and one hydroxyl
c.
multiple hydroxyl and one carbonyl
d.
multiple carbonyl and multiple hydroxyl
20.
DNA is a molecule made of two long chains of nucleotides that are arranged in a distinctive, three-dimensional physical structure. What is this three-dimensional structure?
a.
a single helix
b.
a spherical macromolecule
c.
a double helix
d.
a pleated sheet
21.
What is the product of an endothermic reaction in which an inorganic phosphate group is added to adenosine diphosphate?
a.
lactic acid
b.
glucose
c.
ATP
d.
ADP
22.
Large biological molecules that are nonpolar belong to a class of molecules called _________.
a.
proteins
b.
enzymes
c.
lipids
d.
carbohydrates
