The Chemistry of Life
Practice Test
1.
What functional groups characterize carbohydrates?
a.
multiple carboxyl and one hydroxyl
b.
multiple carbonyl and multiple hydroxyl
c.
multiple carbonyl and one hydroxyl
d.
multiple hydroxyl and one carbonyl
2.
By what type of reaction are monosaccharides linked together to form disaccharides?
a.
dehydration
b.
addition
c.
condensation
d.
combustion
3.
The myriad set of chemical reactions that take place in the body so that cells can function is __________________.
a.
metabolism
b.
cannibalism
c.
catabolism
d.
anabolism
4.
________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
a.
Polymers
b.
Fatty acids
c.
Polysaccharides
d.
Carbohydrates
5.
Most enzymes are ____________.
a.
proteins
b.
carbohydrates
c.
lipids
d.
denatured
6.
What is the principle function of DNA?
a.
causes molecules to transfer from one place in the body to another
b.
stores energy for later use
c.
sends messages to different parts of the body
d.
stores genetic information
7.
What is the name of the polysaccharide that cannot be digested by humans and provides dietary fiber?
a.
glycogen
b.
starch
c.
cellulose
d.
amylose
8.
How many different amino acids are commonly found in living things?
a.
10
b.
30
c.
15
d.
20
9.
What is the process in which triglycerides react with a strong, inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide to produce carboxylate salts and glycerol?
a.
polymerization
b.
lipogenesis
c.
saponification
d.
peptide linkage
10.
If a molecule contains a 5-carbon sugar, the nitrogen base uracil, and can be used in protein synthesis, then the molecule is __________.
a.
cytosine
b.
RNA
c.
DNA
d.
thymine
11.
What two functional groups are contained in all amino acids?
a.
carbonyl and halogen
b.
carboxyl and amino
c.
amino and amido
d.
amido and ether
12.
____________ is the common name given to a triglyceride that is a solid at room temperature.
a.
A fat
b.
An oil
c.
A wax
d.
Cholesterol
13.
What type of chemical functional group is made when a peptide bond is formed?
a.
amine
b.
ester
c.
amide
d.
carbonyl
14.
Large biological molecules that are nonpolar belong to a class of molecules called _________.
a.
enzymes
b.
proteins
c.
lipids
d.
carbohydrates
15.
What functional group do fatty acids and amino acids have in common?
a.
carboxyl
b.
amino
c.
carbonyl
d.
amide
16.
A polypeptide of 50 or more amino acids is called a protein. What kind of molecule is the polypeptide?
a.
polymer
b.
isomer
c.
stereomer
d.
monomer
17.
What six-carbon sugar is found in the blood and provides immediate energy for the body?
a.
sucrose
b.
glucose
c.
galactose
d.
fructose
18.
. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. There are three components to a nucleotide. Which of the following correctly identifies those three parts?
a.
nitrogen base, phosphate, and a six-carbon sugar
b.
nitrogen base, a protein, and a five-carbon sugar
c.
hydroxyl base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
d.
nitrogen base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
19.
DNA is a molecule made of two long chains of nucleotides that are arranged in a distinctive, three-dimensional physical structure. What is this three-dimensional structure?
a.
a double helix
b.
a spherical macromolecule
c.
a single helix
d.
a pleated sheet
20.
What is the name of the carbohydrate that is composed of two monosaccharide units?
a.
disaccharide
b.
oligosaccharide
c.
monosaccharide
d.
polysaccharide
21.
What sugar is used to make DNA?
a.
deoxyribose
b.
ribulose
c.
dextrose
d.
ribose
22.
What is the product of an endothermic reaction in which an inorganic phosphate group is added to adenosine diphosphate?
a.
glucose
b.
lactic acid
c.
ADP
d.
ATP
