The Chemistry of Life
Practice Test
1.
Fatty acids bond to glycerol molecules to form _______________.
a.
proteins
b.
polypeptides
c.
polysaccharides
d.
trigylcerides
2.
These lipids include cholesterol, some sex hormones, and vitamin D.
a.
steroids
b.
oleic acids
c.
sucrose polymers
d.
stearic acids
3.
DNA and RNA are the two kinds of ________________ found in cells.
a.
carbohydrates
b.
steroids
c.
nucleic acids
d.
lipids
4.
Scurvy is a rare disease in developed countries today because fresh fruits and vegetables provide this essential nutrient.
a.
vitamin C
b.
iron
c.
iodine
d.
vitamin E
5.
Animals store energy in their livers and muscles as _____________.
a.
sucrose
b.
glucose
c.
starch
d.
glycogen
6.
A chain of 15 amino acids joined by peptide bonds is called a(n) __________.
a.
protein
b.
polypeptide
c.
peptide
d.
enzyme
7.
____________ was the first biomolecule synthesized outside of a living cell.
a.
urea
b.
benzene
c.
formaldehyde
d.
ethanol
8.
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil are five different _________________ found in nucleotides.
a.
phosphate groups
b.
nitrogen-containing bases
c.
nucleic acids
d.
sugars
9.
_____________ function as biological catalysts, make up your muscles and tendons, and help transport substances in your blood.
a.
Carbohydrates
b.
Sugars
c.
Proteins
d.
Esters
10.
The sum of all the chemical reactions necessary for the life of an organism is its ____________.
a.
respiration
b.
digestion
c.
locomotion
d.
metabolism
11.
What is the product of an endothermic reaction in which an inorganic phosphate group is added to adenosine diphosphate?
a.
glucose
b.
ADP
c.
ATP
d.
lactic acid
12.
In proteins, these structures are held together by hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide cross-links.
a.
carbon atoms
b.
amino acids
c.
polypeptides
d.
monomers
13.
By what type of reaction are monosaccharides linked together to form disaccharides?
a.
addition
b.
combustion
c.
condensation
d.
dehydration
14.
Cells store energy by forming this compound.
a.
acetone
b.
sucrose
c.
stearic acid
d.
ATP
15.
The chemistry of living things is called _______________.
a.
biochemistry
b.
organic chemistry
c.
analytical chemistry
d.
inorganic chemistry
16.
______________ are made in specific organs of the body and travel through the bloodstream to communicate with cells in other locations.
a.
Vitamins
b.
Fats
c.
Nucleic acids
d.
Hormones
17.
Enzymes provide active sites where _____________ can bind.
a.
substrates
b.
alkynes
c.
lactases
d.
minerals
18.
The specific sequence of bases in an organism's DNA forms its ______________.
a.
RNA
b.
genetic code
c.
nucleus
d.
thymine
19.
What functional groups are found in the vitamin C molecule?
a.
amide, alkene, ether
b.
hydroxyl, ester, alkene
c.
amine, ester, alcohol
d.
hydroxyl, alkyne, carbonyl
20.
In this process, cells generate glucose anaerobically.
a.
oxidation
b.
respiration
c.
fermentation
d.
glycolysis
