Weathering, Erosion, and Soil
Practice Test
1.
What is the numerical value for the hardest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale?
a.
10
b.
100
c.
20
d.
11
2.
__________ is the way a mineral reflects light.
a.
Cleavage
b.
Luster
c.
Color
d.
Streak
3.
What type of atomic particle has a negative charge?
a.
a proton
b.
a neutron
c.
an isotope
d.
an electron
4.
What processes aid in the formation of sediments?
a.
weathering and erosion
b.
deposition and solidification
c.
weathering and metamorphism
d.
erosion only
5.
What is the molten material under Earth's crust called?
a.
basalt
b.
solution
c.
minerals
d.
magma
6.
What is an ion?
SC.A.2.4.1
a.
an isotope
b.
a charged particle
c.
a gas
d.
a molecule
7.
Bases produce __________ in solution.
a.
helium ions
b.
hydroxide ions
c.
hydrogen ions
d.
oxygen ions
8.
What two variables control how fast a soil forms?
a.
temperature and pressure
b.
residual vs. transported soil
c.
type of parent rock and climate
d.
type and age of parent rock
9.
Using the figure, what is the temperature range to produce low-grade regional metamorphic rock?
SC.D.1.4.2
a.
0-375 degrees C
b.
200-600 degrees C
c.
0-200 degrees C
d.
more than 750 degrees C
10.
What are the common minerals called?
a.
abundant minerals
b.
crystal minerals
c.
igneous minerals
d.
rock-forming minerals
11.
What are the two types of weathering?
a.
erosion and physical
b.
cementation and chemical
c.
erosion and chemical
d.
physical and chemical
12.
What is a farming method that can reduce the effect of erosion?
a.
irrigation
b.
planting wind barriers
c.
clear cutting
d.
selective harvesting
13.
"The __________ the total surface area, the __________ chemical weathering that can occur. greater, same greater, more greater, less smaller, more
a.
A rock that is broken into several small pieces has more surface area than the original single rock.
b.
The greater the total surface area, the more chemical weathering that can occur.""
c.
B
14.
Extrusive rocks have fine-grained textures because __________.
SC.D.1.4.2
a.
they cooled inside Earth's crust
b.
they cooled quickly
c.
they are derived from volcanoes
d.
they cooled slow
15.
According to the symbols shown in the figure, in which state of matter do these elements occur?
SC.A.1.4.3
a.
solid
b.
plasma
c.
gas
d.
liquid
16.
"Soil that has been moved to a location away from its parent rock is called __________.
a.
soil profile
b.
organic-rich soil
c.
residual soil
d.
transported soil
17.
Physical weathering rates are highest in areas with __________.
a.
warm and dry climates
b.
warm and wet climates
c.
repeated freezing and thawing
d.
cool and dry climates
18.
How are igneous rocks formed?
SC.D.1.4.2
a.
from increased pressures and temperatures
b.
from the compaction of loose sediments
c.
from the cementation of mineral grains
d.
from the crystallization of magma
19.
Before metamorphism, marble was what type of rock?
SC.D.1.4.2
a.
schist
b.
siltstone
c.
rock salt
d.
limestone
20.
Eroded materials that are transported are finally dropped in a process called __________.
a.
transportation
b.
rill erosion
c.
deposition
d.
physical weathering
