The Chemistry of Life
Practice Test
1.
To function properly, the reactive site of an enzyme must have the same shape as the substrate to which it binds. This fit is commonly known as _____________.
a.
projection and enclosure
b.
heme and globin
c.
lock and key
d.
tongue and groove
2.
Large biological molecules that are nonpolar belong to a class of molecules called _________.
SC.A.2.4.2
a.
carbohydrates
b.
lipids
c.
proteins
d.
enzymes
3.
The primary function of these two polysaccharides is to store energy.
SC.B.1.4.1
a.
glucose and cellulose
b.
starch and glycogen
c.
fructose and sucrose
d.
glucose and starch
4.
What functional groups characterize carbohydrates?
a.
multiple carbonyl and multiple hydroxyl
b.
multiple hydroxyl and one carbonyl
c.
multiple carbonyl and one hydroxyl
d.
multiple carboxyl and one hydroxyl
5.
. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. There are three components to a nucleotide. Which of the following correctly identifies those three parts?
SC.F.2.4.2
a.
nitrogen base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
b.
nitrogen base, a protein, and a five-carbon sugar
c.
nitrogen base, phosphate, and a six-carbon sugar
d.
hydroxyl base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
6.
What functional group do fatty acids and amino acids have in common?
SC.A.2.4.2
a.
amide
b.
carbonyl
c.
amino
d.
carboxyl
7.
What sugar is used to make DNA?
a.
deoxyribose
b.
dextrose
c.
ribulose
d.
ribose
8.
What are the four primary functions and uses of proteins in living cells?
SC.F.1.4.5
a.
catalysis, structure, transport, carrying signals
b.
recycling, digestion, polymerization, transport
c.
denaturation, structure, transport, carrying signals
d.
energy storage, digestion, denaturation, transport
9.
The myriad set of chemical reactions that take place in the body so that cells can function is __________________.
SC.F.1.4.4
a.
catabolism
b.
metabolism
c.
anabolism
d.
cannibalism
10.
By what type of reaction are monosaccharides linked together to form disaccharides?
SC.B.1.4.2
a.
condensation
b.
dehydration
c.
addition
d.
combustion
11.
Steroids are a type of lipid. What is the structure of a steroid?
a.
The structure uses peptide bonds.
b.
The structure has many fatty acids.
c.
The basic structure is composed of four rings.
d.
The structure is composed entirely of water—soluble molecules.
12.
A chain of 15 amino acids joined by peptide bonds is called a
n
__________.
a.
peptide
b.
protein
c.
polypeptide
d.
enzyme
13.
What is the principle function of DNA?
SC.F.2.4.2
a.
causes molecules to transfer from one place in the body to another
b.
sends messages to different parts of the body
c.
stores energy for later use
d.
stores genetic information
14.
DNA is a molecule made of two long chains of nucleotides that are arranged in a distinctive, three-dimensional physical structure. What is this three-dimensional structure?
SC.F.2.4.2
a.
a pleated sheet
b.
a single helix
c.
a spherical macromolecule
d.
a double helix
15.
What six-carbon sugar is found in the blood and provides immediate energy for the body?
SC.F.1.4.4
a.
fructose
b.
galactose
c.
glucose
d.
sucrose
16.
What is the process in which triglycerides react with a strong, inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide to produce carboxylate salts and glycerol?
SC.A.1.4.1
a.
saponification
b.
peptide linkage
c.
lipogenesis
d.
polymerization
17.
Most enzymes are ____________.
a.
carbohydrates
b.
lipids
c.
proteins
d.
denatured
18.
What is the name of the polysaccharide that cannot be digested by humans and provides dietary fiber?
a.
cellulose
b.
glycogen
c.
amylose
d.
starch
19.
What is the product of an endothermic reaction in which an inorganic phosphate group is added to adenosine diphosphate?
SC.F.1.4.4
a.
lactic acid
b.
ATP
c.
glucose
d.
ADP
20.
What type of chemical functional group is made when a peptide bond is formed?
a.
carbonyl
b.
amide
c.
ester
d.
amine
21.
If a molecule contains a 5-carbon sugar, the nitrogen base uracil, and can be used in protein synthesis, then the molecule is __________.
SC.F.2.4.2
a.
DNA
b.
RNA
c.
cytosine
d.
thymine
22.
____________ is the common name given to a triglyceride that is a solid at room temperature.
a.
A wax
b.
An oil
c.
A fat
d.
Cholesterol
