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GLENCOE CORRELATION

Physical Science

©2002

correlated to

Virginia

Grade 8 Standards of Learning

Physical Science

OBJECTIVES

PAGE REFERENCES

PS.1 The student will plan and conduct investigations in which

  

• length, mass, volume, density, temperature, weight, and force are accurately measured and reported using the International System of Units (SI – metric);

PE/TE: 17, 19, 20, 25, 27, 28–29, 37, 40, 58, 71, 89, 106, 134, 160, 205, 215, 257, 289, 357, 365–366, 451, 487, 502, 573, 727

• triple beam and electronic balances, thermometers, metric rulers, graduated cylinders, and spring scales are used to gather data;

PE/TE: 19, 37, 40, 58, 71, 89, 90, 106, 116, 134, 148, 257, 289, 348, 357, 380, 508, 573, 691

• data from experiments are recorded and interpreted from bar, line, and circle graphs;

PE/TE: 24, 26, 46, 51, 163, 207, 495, 562, 620, 625, 644, 728, 785

• research skills are utilized using a variety of resources;

PE/TE: 7, 41, 69, 130, 160, 237, 262, 302, 343, 365, 408, 432, 523, 545, 582, 624, 687, 716, 744, 780

• independent and dependent variables, constants, controls, and repeated trials are identified;

PE/TE: 9, 22, 57, 58–59, 89, 90–91, 147, 180–181, 311, 442–443, 496, 508–509, 594–595, 649, 727

• valid conclusions are made after analyzing data;

PE/TE: 74, 201, 272, 337, 379, 684, 717

• research methods are used to investigate practical problems and questions; and

PE/TE: 8, 57–58, 116–117, 216–217, 230, 270, 303, 378, 393, 455, 492, 534–535, 552, 590, 630–631, 658, 680, 781

• experimental results are presented in appropriate written form.

PE/TE: 24, 46, 51, 82, 146, 179, 342, 424, 495, 562, 578, 644, 728

OBJECTIVES

PAGE REFERENCES

PS.2 The student will investigate and understand the basic nature of matter. Key concepts include

  

• the particle theory of matter;

PE/TE: 258–261, 542, 544–549, 550, 551–553

• elements, compounds, mixtures, acids, bases, salts, organic, inorganic, solids, liquids, and gases;

PE/TE: 489, 490–491, 518, 520, 522, 525, 574–575, 587, 591–593, 640, 645–646, 774–775, 766–767, 772–772, 780, 786–787, 768–769, 776, 770–771, 778

• characteristics of types of matter based on physical and chemical properties;

PE/TE: 489, 490, 491, 492, 501, 502–507, 508–509, 526, 709, 768

• physical properties (shape, density, solubility, odor, melting point, boiling point, color); and

PE/TE: 21, 426–429, 490–491, 498, 526–527, 709, 713, 718–719

• chemical properties (acidity, basicity, combustibility, reactivity).

PE/TE: 529, 738–739, 766, 768

PS.3 The student will investigate and understand various models of atomic structure including Bohr and Cloud (quantum) models.

PE/TE: 258–261, 545, 547–548, 549, 558

PS.4 The student will investigate and understand how to use the periodic table of elements to obtain information. Key concepts include

  

• symbols, atomic numbers, atomic mass, chemical families, periods, valence numbers, metals, metalloids, and nonmetals; and

PE/TE: 258, 261, 544, 550–551, 558–560, 561, 564–565, 587–593, 608–615, 622–626, 616–621

OBJECTIVES

PAGE REFERENCES

• binary compounds (chemical activity, physical properties, formulas, and nature of bonding).

PE/TE: 587, 592–593

PS.5 The student will investigate and understand changes in matter and the relationship of these changes to the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy. Key concepts include

  

• physical changes (effect of temperature on state, particle size on solubility, and temperature on solubility);

PE/TE: 528–529, 532, 709, 710, 712, 718–719, 720–721, 725–726, 728–729

• nuclear reactions (products of fusion and fission and their effects on human beings and the environment); and

PE/TE: 113, 114, 263, 265, 273–274, 275, 299, 300, 301, 302–303, 304

• chemical changes (types of reactions, reactants and products, and balanced equations).

PE/TE: 530–531, 532–533, 534–535, 738, 739, 740, 741–742, 743–745, 746–749, 750–754, 766–777, 768–769, 770–771, 772–775, 777–778

PS.6 The student will investigate and understand states and forms of energy and how energy is transferred and transformed. Key concepts include

  

• potential and kinetic energy;

PE/TE: 102, 103–105, 106, 108–110, 111, 489–492

• mechanical, chemical, and electrical energy; and

PE/TE: 101, 107, 108, 112, 214–215, 326–327, 750, 751, 752

OBJECTIVES

PAGE REFERENCES

• heat, light, and sound.

PE/TE: 164, 165, 167, 168, 169–170, 180–181, 347, 356, 358–359, 360–362, 363–365, 369, 430, 489–492, 493–494

PS.7 The student will investigate and understand temperature scales, heat, and heat transfer. Key concepts include

  

• absolute zero, phase change, freezing point, melting point, boiling point, conduction, convection, radiation, vaporization, and condensation; and

PE/TE: 21, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 180–181, 490–491, 494, 496, 506, 725–726

• applications of heat transfer (heat engines, thermostats, and refrigeration).

PE/TE: 167–170, 172–173, 174–175, 176–177, 178

PS.8 The student will investigate and understand characteristics of sound and technological applications of sound waves. Key concepts include

  

• wave length, frequency, amplitude, interference; and

PE/TE: 344–345, 333–334, 343, 336, 363, 366, 369, 370, 373

• technological applications of sound.

PE/TE: 368, 369–372, 375, 377–379

PS.9 The student will investigate and understand the nature and technological applications of light. Key concepts include

  

• reflection, refraction, particle theory, wave theory; and

PE/TE: 339, 340–341, 395, 421–422, 422–444, 438, 453, 454–456, 457–458, 459, 468–470, 471, 472–473

• electromagnetic spectrum.

PE/TE: 396–398, 399–400, 401, 403–404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410–411

OBJECTIVES

PAGE REFERENCES

PS.10 The student will investigate and understand scientific principles and technological applications of work, force, and motion. Key concepts include

  

• work, force, mechanical advantage, efficiency, power, horsepower, gravitational force, speed/velocity, mass/weight, Newton's three laws of motion, acceleration; and

PE/TE: 39–42, 44, 47–50, 52–53, 54–56, 58–59, 69–74, 75–76, 77–78, 79–80, 81–82, 83–84, 86–88, 126–128, 129–131

• applications (simple machines, compound machines, powered vehicles, rockets, restraining devices, projectiles).

PE/TE: 85, 132–133, 138–142, 143–144, 145, 146, 147, 205–206

PS.11 The student will investigate and understand basic principles of electricity and magnetism. Key concepts include

  

• static, current, circuits; and

PE/TE: 194–196, 202–207, 208, 209–210, 211–212, 216–217, 233, 240–242, 243, 244–246, 247

• magnetic fields and electromagnets.

PE/TE: 227–229, 233, 234–237, 240–242, 247, 248–249, 391–392

 

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