Chapter 27: Australia and New Zealand

Australia is a country and a continent. The Great Barrier Reef lies off Australia's northeastern coast. This dry continent is covered by plains, plateaus, and a few low mountain ranges. Because it has been separated from other continents for millions of years, unique plants and animals have developed there. An abundance of mineral resources, cattle and sheep ranching, and a growing manufacturing sector have produced a strong economy. Australia has relatively few people, most of whom live along the coasts.

New Zealand lies in the Pacific Ocean, about 1,200 miles (1,931 km) southeast of Australia. It contains two main islands and several smaller islands. New Zealand's economy is built on trade. Sheep herding is an important activity, and wool and lamb meat are major exports.