Section 1 identifies group behavior and lists the
factors that distinguish groups from aggregates. Group members
are interdependent and share goals. Groups can be differentiated
by in-groups and out-groups, primary groups and secondary
groups, and as serving social functions and task functions.
Shared norms and ideology strengthen the cohesiveness of groups.
The study of group structure analyzes the roles of various
group members and how these roles are interrelated. Group
polarization and groupthink are two methods of group decision
making. This section also discusses communication patterns
and the nature of leadership within groups.
Section 2 is about how group behavior can influence
people's conformity and obedience. Psychologists believe people
conform to gain approval. Compliance occurs when we given
in to social pressure in our public behavior, but do not actually
change our private beliefs. This section lists the factors
that increase conforming behavior in people. Researchers believe
we obey authority because of social conditioning.
Section 3 details conflict and cooperation among groups.
Aggression is a combination of biological, cognitive, personality,
and environmental factors and contributes to conflict. Research
shows that cooperation can be a factor in eliminating group
hostility. Psychologists have found that the larger the crowd
or group, the more likely that any given individual is to
feel that he or she is not responsible for an action or behavior.
Terms associated with this research are diffusion of responsibility,
bystander effect, and social loafing. The section concludes
with a discussion of deindividualization.
