President Jefferson brought a new philosophy to the presidency. He hoped to enlarge democracy by supporting states' rights, cutting taxes and spending, and reducing the role of government. Jefferson ran into conflict with the judiciary when the courts took serious actions not clearly stated in the Constitution. Nevertheless, Chief Justice John Marshall strengthened the role of the Supreme Court in federal government.
Although questioning his own authority to purchase territory, Jefferson bought
the Louisiana Territory from France. The Louisiana Purchase
doubled the size of the United States. It also ended the conflict
with Spain over shipping rights on the Mississippi River.
Britain and France interfered with American ships at sea. The British often took sailors from American ships and forced them to serve on British ships. In addition, the British gave aid to Tecumseh and other Native Americans. War with Britain was declared in 1812. Although the War of 1812 ended without a clear victory or defeat, the young nation gained the respect of foreign powers and felt a new surge of pride and patriotism.
