Chapter 16 Sectional Differences   1. The main power that moved flatboats down a river was ____________     A) the current.     B) poles.     C) steam.     D) wind.   2. Henry M. Shreve improved riverboat travel when he ____________     A) built the Flying Cloud.     B) built a higher-pressure steam engine.     C) launched the Clermont.     D) designed a shallow-hulled boat for Western rivers.   3. The Chinese product for which merchants demanded fast ocean-going ships was ____________     A) tea.     B) cinnamon.     C) silk.     D) firecrackers.   4. The sailing ships that began setting a "fast pace" in ocean trade during the 1840s were called ____________     A) steamboats.     B) packets.     C) clippers.     D) flatboats.   5. The growth of labor unions was held back by all the following factors EXCEPT the ____________     A) hard times in the nation's economy.     B) accident at the Pemberton textile mill.     C) factory owners' refusal to recognize unions.     D) illegality of strikes.   6. Between 1830 and 1860, large numbers of immigrants entering the United States came from ____________     A) South America.     B) Germany and Ireland.     C) Italy and Greece.     D) Southeast Asia.   7. After 1848, many Germans immigrated to the United States to ____________     A) join the Know-Nothing party.     B) escape a potato famine.     C) avoid government punishment for a failed revolution.     D) work in New England factories.   8. Most Irish immigrants of the 1840s and 1850s settled ____________     A) near factories that needed skilled laborers.     B) in or near Eastern cities such as Boston or New York.     C) in western states.     D) on farms near the Ohio River and Great Lakes.   9. Nativists had all the following goals EXCEPT to ____________     A) elect political candidates to Congress.     B) prevent immigrants from becoming citizens.     C) discourage immigrants from coming to the United States.     D) elect the first Irish Catholic mayor of New York.   10. In the 1800s, discrimination against African Americans took all the following forms EXCEPT ____________     A) preventing African Americans from riding in the same carriage with a white person.     B) allowing African Americans to attend colleges in the North.     C) forbidding African Americans to serve on juries.     D) withholding good jobs from African Americans.   11. By 1860, the South obtained most of its manufactured goods from ____________     A) the North.     B) the West Indies.     C) new factories in the South.     D) Great Britain.   12. The large cotton crops in the South created an increased demand for ____________     A) slave labor.     B) tobacco.     C) rice.     D) Southern factories.   13. Most white Southern slaveholders had how many enslaved persons?     A) 200     B) 100     C) 50     D) 20 or fewer   14. Henry Blair was an enslaved African American who ____________     A) invented and patented two corn harvesters.     B) invented a boat propeller.     C) bought his freedom with money won in a lottery.     D) was kidnapped and sold into slavery in Washington, D.C.   15. Among enslaved African Americans, the extended family was a source of ____________     A) guns and property.     B) slave codes.     C) strength and pride.     D) permanent marriages.