Chapter 20 Reshaping the Nation   1. In 1869, workers at Promontory Point, Utah, completed the first ____________     A) cattle drive.     B) transcontinental railroad.     C) boomtown.     D) telegraph.   2. All the following men made millions in the building of railroads EXCEPT ____________     A) Joseph McCoy.     B) J.P. Morgan.     C) Cornelius Vanderbilt.     D) Jay Gould.   3. Most of the workers who built the railroads belonged to all the following groups EXCEPT ____________     A) Civil War veterans.     B) the Native Americans.     C) Irish.     D) Chinese.   4. During the days of the open range, the major beef supplier was ____________     A) Missouri.     B) Colorado.     C) Texas.     D) Kansas.   5. The goal of the Dawes Act was to make Native Americans ____________     A) live in collective societies.     B) take up farming in the West.     C) move to the Little Bighorn River in Montana.     D) give up their United States citizenship.   6. At the end of the 1800s, the United States became a nation with an economy based primarily on ____________     A) tourism.     B) the frontier.     C) agriculture.     D) industry.   7. Assets that helped American industrialists expand their businesses included all the following EXCEPT ____________     A) pro-business government.     B) strong labor unions.     C) talented inventors.     D) eager investors.   8. American manufacturers of the late 1800s took iron ore from the rich supplies found in ____________     A) Appalachia.     B) areas around Lake Superior.     C) western Pennsylvania.     D) the Mississippi Valley.   9. Labor organizations of the late 1800s had only limited success because ____________     A) the Knights of Labor included only skilled workers.     B) the government passed minimum wage laws.     C) there was too much competition among businesses.     D) most strikes failed and the public distrusted unions.   10. Before 1870, most immigrants to the United States were from ____________     A) Germany.     B) Russia.     C) Latin America.     D) Italy.   11. After 1870, most immigrants to the United States were from ____________     A) Scotland.     B) Latin America.     C) Canada.     D) Italy.   12. The federal government set up Ellis Island as a ____________     A) neighborhood where immigrants could practice their own customs.     B) neighborhood for people moving from rural areas of the United States.     C) social service agency to teach English to immigrants.     D) center for immigrants arriving in New York Harbor.   13. During the 1880s and 1890s, many social reforms resulted from the ____________     A) writings and photos of reformers like Jacob Riis.     B) construction of the Statue of Liberty.     C) newspapers and magazines in immigrant neighborhoods.     D) work of slum landlords.   14. The social gospel of the late 1800s demanded that slum dwellers receive help from ____________     A) the federal government.     B) writers.     C) college students.     D) churches.   15. Farmers of the late 1800s met with all the following experiences EXCEPT ____________     A) falling prices for farm goods.     B) rising farm costs.     C) increased income from rising prices for farm goods.     D) rising debts.