Chapter 9 An Urban Society   1. What was the approximate range of the yearly wage of an industrial worker in 1890?     A) $400 to $500     B) $600 to $700     C) $200 to $300     D) $900 to $1000   2. Income that is adjusted to compensate for reduced earning power due to inflation is called _________     A) scrip.     B) business cycle.     C) collective bargaining.     D) real wages.   3. Which of the following does NOT describe company towns?     A) Villages were built by the company where workers lived and did their shopping.     B) Rent was deducted from workers' pay.     C) Wages were often paid in scrip.     D) Medical fees were paid by the company.   4. What was the chief cause of job insecurity in the late 1800s?     A) child labor     B) health and safety hazards     C) real wages     D) the business cycle   5. What were the replacement workers called who were to work during a strike?     A) scabs     B) lockout     C) union workers     D) blacklists   6. Who led the Knights of Labor in the late 1800s?     A) Jay Gould     B) Samuel Gompers     C) Eugene Debs     D) Terence V. Powderly   7. The process whereby an impartial third party helps workers and management reach an agreement is called __________     A) a strike.     B) an injunction.     C) arbitration.     D) collective bargaining.   8. A court order that forbids a company to continue a strike is called _________     A) arbitration.     B) an injunction.     C) collective bargaining.     D) a blacklist.   9. The period of "Old Immigration" began in the 1830s and hit its peak in the 1840s. During this time, about one-half of the immigrants came from the country of ___________     A) England.     B) Germany.     C) Italy.     D) Ireland.   10. Why did German Jews generally come to the United States?     A) to escape religious persecution     B) because of crop failures     C) because of job opportunities     D) to escape political persecution   11. Which of these cities grew up because of its proximity to coal and iron deposits?     A) Lawrence, Massachusetts     B) Baltimore, Maryland     C) Omaha, Nebraska     D) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania   12. Poorly constructed and cramped five- or six-story buildings that housed many families were called ____________     A) settlement houses.     B) sweatshops.     C) city slums.     D) tenements.   13. Who wrote the best-selling book, How the Other Half Lives?     A) Jane Addams     B) Jacob A. Riis     C) Frederick L. Olmsted     D) Theodore Roosevelt   14. What services did Jane Addams's settlement houses provide?     A) Settlement houses provided education only to children.     B) Settlement houses promoted reform legislation by training lobbyists.     C) Settlement houses provided a place for employers to air their differences.     D) Settlement houses provided immediate services and education to men, women, and children.   15. What new innovation in the late 1800s contributed to better communications throughout the country?     A) merchandising     B) the skyscraper     C) electric streetlights     D) the telephone