Chapter 13 Medieval Europe at Its Height   1. The First Crusade ____________     A) followed a call from Pope Urban II to take over Palestine.     B) resulted in the deaths of Jewish and Muslim inhabitants of Jerusalem.     C) was fought against the Seljuk Turks, originally from central Asia.     D) all of the above   2. The overall effect of the Crusades was ____________     A) the overthrow of the Muslim forces of Saladin.     B) the breakdown of feudalism in western Europe.     C) the reclamation of Jerusalem for the pope.     D) all of the above   3. The rapid expansion of trade resulted in the need for ____________     A) a more efficient barter system.     B) a common medium of exchange.     C) taxes on imported goods.     D) the decline of the feudal system.   4. The primary function of the merchant guild was to ____________     A) maintain a monopoly for its members.     B) regulate the quality of crafts made by its members.     C) encourage trading with foreigners.     D) prevent price fixing for any kind of goods or services.   5. Which term names the step after apprentice?     A) guild     B) journeyman     C) master     D) burgher   6. Flying buttresses of the Gothic style of architecture meant that ____________     A) churches had to have thicker walls.     B) there was more space for stained-glass windows.     C) ceilings were lower and could be decorated with art.     D) all of the above.   7. The struggle between the houses of York and Lancaster led to ____________     A) the Hundred Years' War.     B) France's war with the Swiss.     C) the end of religious tolerance in Spain.     D) the Wars of the Roses.   8. The most powerful European royal family was that of ____________     A) York.     B) the Hapsburgs.     C) Casimir.     D) the Ottomans.   9. The Great Schism refers to ____________     A) more than one man claiming to be pope.     B) the antipapal movement led by John Wycliffe of England.     C) the Czech religious reform movement led by Jan Hus.     D) the resignation of three successive popes.   10. One significant result of disunity in the Church was that ____________     A) the princely lifestyles of the clergy led to the sale of church positions.     B) the papacy was dominated by English popes.     C) Europeans felt a greater sense of loyalty to their monarchs than to the pope.     D) all of the above