Chapter 19: Nationalism in Asia, Africa, and Latin America "Republican China"

Introduction
Students have read that although Sun Yat-sen formally declared China a republic in 1912, he was opposed by military strongman Yuan Shigai (or Shikai). Even though Sun organized nationalist forces as the Guomindang, he was unable to oust Yuan and was forced to flee the country.

Lesson Description
Students will go to the Republican China Web site. They will then answer four questions about what they have read.

Instructional Objectives
1. Students will learn more about the conflict between Sun Yat-sen's nationalist forces and the military strongman Yuan Shigai.
2. Students will learn about China's reaction to Yuan's rule.

Student Web Activity Answers
1. He lacked an army.
2. He used assassination to eliminate his opponents.
3. He had to agree to autonomy for Outer Mongolia and Xizang, allowing Russia a free hand in the former and the British continuance of its influence in the latter.
4. Students' answers will vary but should mention Yuan's dictatorial actions, his unwillingness to accept the participation of the electorate, and the continuing divisions in the country at the time of his death.

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