Chapter 15 Reaction and Nationalism   1. According to Giuseppe Mazzini, the concept of the nation-state meant ______     A) the unification of small states with different nationalities.     B) a political organization consisting of one nationality.     C) the end of multiple political parties in a sovereign nation.     D) freeing Italy from the power of the Catholic Church.   2. Giuseppe Garibaldi was ______     A) an experienced military commander.     B) an expert in guerrilla warfare.     C) a supporter of Mazzini's short-lived Roman Republic.     D) all of the above   3. Under Otto von Bismarck's policy of realpolitik, a nation-state ______     A) could use war to pursue its own advantage.     B) should be part of a confederation.     C) had no need for a strong military.     D) should encourage liberal constitutional changes.   4. The North German Confederation, formed in 1867, ______     A) included the southern, mostly Catholic German states.     B) cemented an alliance between Austria and Prussia.     C) put foreign policy and national defense in Prussia's hands.     D) all of the above   5. Why did Bismarck support the Protestants in political affairs?     A) He viewed Catholics as being antinationalist.     B) The pope always sided with Prussia's enemy, Austria.     C) Catholics were the majority in the German Empire.     D) all of the above   6. Bismarck was ousted from office because William II ______     A) was much more liberal than the prime minister.     B) believed in the absolute authority of the emperor.     C) wished to appoint socialist Ferdinand Lassalle in his place.     D) wanted a Catholic to serve in that position.   7. The newly free Russian peasants made few political and economic gains because ______     A) the vote in elected assemblies was weighted.     B) to stay on the land, they had to assume 50-year mortgages.     C) the landlords got the best land.     D) all of the above   8. One difference between the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks was that the Mensheviks believed the revolution would ______     A) be led by the peasants.     B) be carried out by professional revolutionaries.     C) have to be led by a large working class.     D) be achieved by political actions and without violence.   9. Which large group in the dual monarchy wanted to form its own kingdom?     A) Magyars     B) Slavs     C) Turks     D) Moravians   10. Jingoism is defined as ______     A) a form of socialism.     B) a class of wealthy merchants.     C) extreme patriotism.     D) the absence of government.