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1. | Francis Bacon is known for having ______
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| A) stated the theory of universal gravitation.
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| B) developed calculus.
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| C) helped develop the scientific method.
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| D) all of the above
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2. | Who of the following concluded that blood circulates throughout the body?
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| A) Galen
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| B) Vesalius
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| C) Harvey
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| D) Hooke
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3. | The discoverer of oxygen was ______
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| A) Joseph Priestley.
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| B) Antoine Lavoisier.
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| C) Robert Boyle.
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| D) Marie Lavoisier.
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4. | The political philosophers who believed in natural law also believed in ______
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| A) applying reason to political, economic, and social relationships.
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| B) letting the monarch have absolute power.
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| C) applying technology to political, economic, and social relationships.
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| D) having no government at all.
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5. | Of the following, which believed that absolute monarchy was the best form of government?
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| A) Thomas Hobbes
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| B) John Locke
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| C) Galileo Galilei
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| D) Thomas Jefferson
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6. | Which thinker's writing especially influenced Thomas Jefferson as he wrote the Declaration of Independence?
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| A) William Penn
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| B) Hugo Grotius
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| C) John Locke
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| D) Isaac Newton
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7. | Which work was the principal influence on the view of the universe as a machine governed by fixed laws?
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| A) the Encyclopédie, edited by Diderot
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| B) Candide, written by Voltaire
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| C) The Spirit of Laws, written by Montesquieu
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| D) Principia, written by Newton
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8. | How did Diderot use the Encyclopédie?
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| A) to praise religious tolerance
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| B) to criticize the Catholic Church
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| C) to cover everything then known about the sciences, technology, and history
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| D) all of the above
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9. | Which man promoted the idea that power should be divided among three branches of government?
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| A) Montesquieu
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| B) Locke
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| C) Mozart
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| D) Rousseau
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10. | What was Jean-Jacques Rousseau's position on the ideas of the Enlightenment?
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| A) He felt people should rely more on instinct and emotion.
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| B) He criticized the era's excessive reliance on reason.
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| C) He wanted people to throw off civilization and return to nature.
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| D) all of the above
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